Periodontitis is a serious gum and bone infection. It damages the soft tissue and bone that supports the teeth. If left untreated, periodontitis will eventually cause tooth loss.
Understanding what causes bone loss is essential to the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. By learning more about periodontitis, what causes it, and how to prevent it, you can take proactive steps to maintain and protect your oral health.
In a nutshell, bone loss in teeth occurs when the structures that hold your teeth in place, such as the gums and jawbone, are compromised. This may be due to several factors, but oral hygiene and bacteria build-up are most often to blame. This condition not only affects the function of your teeth and appearance of your smile, but it can also lead to more severe health issues if not addressed.
In this read, we will explore more about periodontitis and bone loss, how it occurs, the diagnosis, available treatment options, and some tips to prevent it.
Causes of Periodontitis
Periodontitis is primarily caused by bacterial plaque, but several factors can also increase your risk of developing the condition.
Plaque and Bacteria Build-up
Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. When you eat and drink, sugars from the food interact with the bacteria in your mouth. Then, these will procedure acids that can erode the tooth enamel and inflame the gums.
Plaque and bacteria should be removed with thorough brushing and flossing and regular dental cleaning. If they are left too long in the mouth, the build-up can lead to gum inflammation or gingivitis. This is a precursor to periodontitis which can lead to bone and teeth loss as bacteria spreads.
Poor Oral Hygiene
Inadequate oral hygiene practices can significantly contribute to the development of periodontitis. When plaque and tartar are allowed to accumulate on the teeth and gums, this provides a breeding ground for harmful bacteria. Overtime, this will lead to infection and inflammation that can cause periodontitis.
Genetic Factors
Some people can also be genetically at more risk of periodontitis. It may be because they are genetically predisposed to developing gum disease, eventually increasing their risk to periodontitis. If your genetic makeup is a concern, it is important to be extra vigilant with your oral hygiene to prevent future problems.
Lifestyle Factors
Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for gum disease. Toxins from tobacco impair the immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off the infection that causes periodontitis. Additionally, smoking reduces blood flow to the gums and may exacerbate bone loss. Other lifestyle factors such as poor diet and high stress levels can also weaken the body’s immune defenses and contribute to the development of periodontitis.
Medical Conditions
Diabetes is closely linked to gum disease because high blood sugar can affect the body’s ability to heal. Because of this, gingivitis can rapidly worsen to periodontal problems. Osteoporosis, which affects bones, can also put you at high risk for periodontitis.
Medications
Certain medications such as blood pressure drugs, antihistamines, and diuretics are known to cause dry mouth. This can increase the risk of gum disease because of poor saliva flow that can wash away bacteria.
Diagnosis of Periodontitis and Bone Loss
Diagnosing periodontitis involves a comprehensive examination by a dental professional or periodontist. The process typically includes:
Clinical Examination – Signs of inflammation, plaque build-up, and gum recession may indicate periodontitis. But for a more definitive diagnosis, a periodontal probe is used. This is inserted into the gum area to measure the depth of the pockets between the gums and teeth. Deeper pockets are a sign of periodontitis and bone loss.
Radiographic Imaging – Full mouth x-rays are also helpful in diagnosis. This will show the extent of bone loss on all teeth and confirm the diagnosis of periodontitis.
Laboratory Tests – A microbial analysis can also be done to check bacteria in the mouth. Some bacterial species show a higher count for periodontitis. This assessment can help create a more conclusive diagnosis.
Treatment and Management of Periodontitis
Treatment of periodontitis involves different approaches depending on the severity of the condition.
- Non-surgical Treatments
Scaling and root planing is a deep-cleaning procedure and is the first line of defense against periodontitis. This involves removing infected tissue above and below the gum line using sharp curettes. The goal is to eliminate and prevent bacteria and to smoothen the root surfaces to allow the gums to heal and reattach to the teeth.
Usually, antibiotics can be prescribed after scaling and planing to further address bacterial growth.
- Surgical Treatments
- Flap Surgery is a procedure that involves repairing receded gums and deep pockets. Gums are lifted and sutured back in place to fit snugly around the teeth. This will reduce pocket depth, keeping the area easier to clean.
- Bone Grafts can be used for severe bone loss. Bone from another body part or synthetic bone can be used to help regenerate the bone. This will provide better support for the teeth.
- Soft Tissue Grafts are recommended to restore the appearance of receded gums. Gum grafts are attached to the affected area to cover exposed roots and reduce further recession.
- Guided Tissue Regeneration is done in conjunction with bone grafts. It is placed in between bone and gum tissue to encourage bone regeneration.
Preventing Bone Loss in Teeth
Preventing periodontitis is much easier than treating it. Here are some tips that can help you maintain healthy gums and teeth:
- Practice good oral hygiene to prevent plaque build-up. Brush your teeth twice a day using fluoride-rich toothpaste and floss daily.
- Visit your dentist every 6 months for professional teeth cleaning. This will also help with early detection of gum disease to prevent it from progressing to periodontitis.
- Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals that help support oral health.
- Quit smoking to significantly reduce your risk of periodontal problems.
- Manage medical conditions by visiting your healthcare provider and understanding how to better take care of your oral health even with certain health concerns.
Conclusion
Periodontitis is a highly preventable disease if caught early. Otherwise, you may have to deal with the irreversible consequences that come with it, such as bone loss.
By adopting good oral hygiene practices, making healthy lifestyle choices, and being more aware of the risk factors of the disease, you can help reduce getting periodontal problems and maintain a healthy, beautiful smile for years to come.
If you’re concerned about gum health, contact Sierra Dental in Calgary today to schedule a consultation.